Wind Turbine Payback in Sanborn County, SD
Wind turbine payback in Sanborn County
No. The turbine wears out before it pays for itself.
At 30 m, the height a home turbine tower usually reaches, the wind in Sanborn County, SD averages 6.36 m/s (14.2 mph). A 10 kW turbine there would make about 22,373 kWh a year, worth $3,262 at SD's 14.58¢/kWh. Against an installed cost of about $100,000, that is a payback of 31 years, and the turbine is built to last about 20.
What to do in Sanborn County
A home turbine is not worth buying for savings in Sanborn County unless your spot is far windier than the county average, 8.1 m/s at the hub against 6.36 m/s here. Per kW, solar panels would make about 1,209 kWh a year here against the turbine's 2,237, so get a solar quote first.
What would have to change
- Power would have to cost 22¢/kWh, 1.5 times what SD pays now.
- Or the average wind at the hub would have to be 8.1 m/s instead of 6.36. A taller tower or an exposed ridge can add some of that; a rooftop never will.
Against the rest of SD
Sanborn County is the 393rd windiest of 3,144 US counties at turbine height; the national middle is 4.79 m/s. The windiest in SD is Todd County at 6.77 m/s, payback 27 years.
Month by month in Sanborn County
April is the strongest month here, at 7.00 m/s and about 2,221 kWh. July is the weakest, 5.56 m/s and 1,401 kWh, so the best month makes 1.6 times the worst. November to March brings in 42% of the year's output in Sanborn County.
| Month | Wind at 30 m | Output | Worth |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 6.38 m/s | 1,912 kWh | $279 |
| February | 6.34 m/s | 1,707 kWh | $249 |
| March | 6.69 m/s | 2,108 kWh | $307 |
| April | 7.00 m/s | 2,221 kWh | $324 |
| May | 6.62 m/s | 2,064 kWh | $301 |
| June | 6.07 m/s | 1,665 kWh | $243 |
| July | 5.56 m/s | 1,401 kWh | $204 |
| August | 5.63 m/s | 1,440 kWh | $210 |
| September | 6.57 m/s | 1,965 kWh | $286 |
| October | 6.76 m/s | 2,153 kWh | $314 |
| November | 6.50 m/s | 1,927 kWh | $281 |
| December | 6.25 m/s | 1,833 kWh | $267 |
What a taller tower would buy
Measured at 10 m the wind in Sanborn County averages 5.02 m/s; at 50 m it is 7.1 m/s. That gives a shear exponent of 0.215, typical of ordinary open country. Going from 20 m to 50 m takes output from 18,451 to 27,755 kWh a year, 50% more, before counting the extra cost of the taller tower. Why tower height decides it explains the shear behind these numbers.
| Hub height | Average wind | Output | Payback |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 m | 5.83 m/s | 18,451 kWh | 37 years |
| 30 m | 6.36 m/s | 22,384 kWh | 31 years |
| 40 m | 6.77 m/s | 25,365 kWh | 27 years |
| 50 m | 7.1 m/s | 27,755 kWh | 25 years |
Counties around Sanborn County
5 of the 6 closest counties are windier at turbine height; the windiest, Miner County, averages 6.49 m/s.
- Davison County, SD: 6.4 m/s, 22,669 kWh, payback 30 years (24 mi)
- Miner County, SD: 6.49 m/s, 23,333 kWh, payback 29 years (24 mi)
- Jerauld County, SD: 6.38 m/s, 22,521 kWh, payback 31 years (27 mi)
- Hanson County, SD: 6.45 m/s, 23,038 kWh, payback 30 years (28 mi)
- Beadle County, SD: 6.34 m/s, 22,225 kWh, payback 31 years (29 mi)
- Aurora County, SD: 6.41 m/s, 22,743 kWh, payback 30 years (32 mi)
Sun versus wind in Sanborn County
Sanborn County gets 4.14 kWh of sunshine per square metre a day on average. One kW of solar panels here would make roughly 1,209 kWh a year; one kW of the turbine above makes 2,237. This is one of the rare places where a kilowatt of turbine out-produces a kilowatt of panels, by 1.9 times. Panel output assumes an 80% system performance ratio. Wind or solar runs the same comparison for every county.
How this is worked out
Wind is NASA's Power climate record, the 2001-2025 average at 10 m and 50 m for the county's centre, carried to 30 m with this county's own measured wind shear and spread into hours with a Rayleigh distribution. The turbine is a generic 10 kW, 7 m rotor machine with 10% losses. Cost is $10,000 per kW installed with no tax credit, because the federal one ended in 2025. One county-centre number cannot see your hilltop or your tree line, so treat it as the starting point for a site survey, not a substitute. The full method and its weak spots are in how the numbers are made.