Wind Turbine Payback in Jackson County, SD
Wind turbine payback in Jackson County
No. The turbine wears out before it pays for itself.
At 30 m, the height a home turbine tower usually reaches, the wind in Jackson County, SD averages 6.49 m/s (14.5 mph). A 10 kW turbine there would make about 23,333 kWh a year, worth $3,402 at SD's 14.58¢/kWh. Against an installed cost of about $100,000, that is a payback of 29 years, and the turbine is built to last about 20.
What to do in Jackson County
A home turbine is not worth buying for savings in Jackson County unless your spot is far windier than the county average, 8.1 m/s at the hub against 6.49 m/s here. Per kW, solar panels would make about 1,261 kWh a year here against the turbine's 2,333, so get a solar quote first.
What would have to change
- Power would have to cost 21¢/kWh, 1.5 times what SD pays now.
- Or the average wind at the hub would have to be 8.1 m/s instead of 6.49. A taller tower or an exposed ridge can add some of that; a rooftop never will.
Against the rest of SD
Jackson County is the 219th windiest of 3,144 US counties at turbine height; the national middle is 4.79 m/s. The windiest in SD is Todd County at 6.77 m/s, payback 27 years.
Month by month in Jackson County
January is the strongest month here, at 7.06 m/s and about 2,332 kWh. July is the weakest, 5.63 m/s and 1,444 kWh, so the best month makes 1.6 times the worst. November to March brings in 46% of the year's output in Jackson County.
| Month | Wind at 30 m | Output | Worth |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 7.06 m/s | 2,332 kWh | $340 |
| February | 6.61 m/s | 1,858 kWh | $271 |
| March | 6.72 m/s | 2,124 kWh | $310 |
| April | 6.81 m/s | 2,109 kWh | $307 |
| May | 6.40 m/s | 1,928 kWh | $281 |
| June | 5.96 m/s | 1,592 kWh | $232 |
| July | 5.63 m/s | 1,444 kWh | $211 |
| August | 5.75 m/s | 1,516 kWh | $221 |
| September | 6.30 m/s | 1,800 kWh | $262 |
| October | 6.78 m/s | 2,162 kWh | $315 |
| November | 6.97 m/s | 2,204 kWh | $321 |
| December | 6.98 m/s | 2,283 kWh | $333 |
What a taller tower would buy
Measured at 10 m the wind in Jackson County averages 5.14 m/s; at 50 m it is 7.24 m/s. That gives a shear exponent of 0.213, typical of ordinary open country. Going from 20 m to 50 m takes output from 19,381 to 28,741 kWh a year, 48% more, before counting the extra cost of the taller tower. Why tower height decides it explains the shear behind these numbers.
| Hub height | Average wind | Output | Payback |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 m | 5.96 m/s | 19,381 kWh | 35 years |
| 30 m | 6.49 m/s | 23,360 kWh | 29 years |
| 40 m | 6.9 m/s | 26,353 kWh | 26 years |
| 50 m | 7.24 m/s | 28,741 kWh | 24 years |
Counties around Jackson County
3 of the 6 closest counties are windier at turbine height; the windiest, Todd County, averages 6.77 m/s.
- Bennett County, SD: 6.73 m/s, 25,093 kWh, payback 27 years (34 mi)
- Haakon County, SD: 6.3 m/s, 21,929 kWh, payback 31 years (42 mi)
- Mellette County, SD: 6.55 m/s, 23,775 kWh, payback 29 years (44 mi)
- Jones County, SD: 6.34 m/s, 22,225 kWh, payback 31 years (51 mi)
- Oglala Lakota County, SD: 5.99 m/s, 19,630 kWh, payback 35 years (53 mi)
- Todd County, SD: 6.77 m/s, 25,384 kWh, payback 27 years (56 mi)
Sun versus wind in Jackson County
Jackson County gets 4.32 kWh of sunshine per square metre a day on average. One kW of solar panels here would make roughly 1,261 kWh a year; one kW of the turbine above makes 2,333. This is one of the rare places where a kilowatt of turbine out-produces a kilowatt of panels, by 1.9 times. Panel output assumes an 80% system performance ratio. Wind or solar runs the same comparison for every county.
How this is worked out
Wind is NASA's Power climate record, the 2001-2025 average at 10 m and 50 m for the county's centre, carried to 30 m with this county's own measured wind shear and spread into hours with a Rayleigh distribution. The turbine is a generic 10 kW, 7 m rotor machine with 10% losses. Cost is $10,000 per kW installed with no tax credit, because the federal one ended in 2025. One county-centre number cannot see your hilltop or your tree line, so treat it as the starting point for a site survey, not a substitute. The full method and its weak spots are in how the numbers are made.